Part 1: Responses of Organisms to their Environment 1. Introduction to behaviour 2. Biological clocks 3. Seasonal behaviour and photoperiodism 4. Orientation in animals 5. Orientation in plants: Tropisms 6. Competition 7. Exploitation: Predation and parasitism 8. Cooperative interactions and commensalism 9. Courtship, parental care and life history strategies Part II: Homeostasis in Animals 10. Introduction to homeostasis 11. Nervous communication and integration 12. Effectors: Muscle 13. Hormonal regulation 14. Control of body water: Osmoregulation 15. Control of blood sugar 16. Control of blood pressure 17. Control of respiratory gases 18. Regulation of body temperature Part III: Evolution in a New Zealand Context 19. Evolutionary basics: Lamarck, Darwin and Weisman 20. Genes in populations 21. How do new species arise? 22. Patterns in evolution Part IV: Human Evolution 23. Primate legacy 24. A peculiar ape 25. Prelude to fossils: Rocks and dating 26. The first hominins: The Australopithecines 27. The first stone tools: Homo habilis 28. The use of fire: Homo erectus 29. ‘Archaic Homo sapiens’: Homo heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis and the Denisovans 30. The first modern humans 31. The origin and spread of Homo sapiens 32. The Neolithic revolution: Agriculture and settlements Part V: Biotechnology 33. Recombinant DNA technology: Tools of the trade 34. Applications of techniques in biotechnology Glossary Index